The Stroop effect is a well-documented phenomenon, demonstrating both interference and facilitation effects. Many versions of the Stroop task were created, according to the purposes of its applications, varying in numerous aspects. While many versions are developed to investigate the mechanisms of the effect itself, the Stroop effect is also considered a general measure of attention, inhibitory control, and executive functions. In this paper, we implement “eStroop”: a new digital version based on verbal responses, measuring the main processes involved in (...) the traditional effect. eStroop features four categories of stimuli in four different colors: geometrical shapes, neutral words, congruent words, and incongruent words. The results of the administration to 307 University students confirm the Stroop effect and offer baseline data for future research and clinical testing. Direct comparisons with other recent versions of the task are discussed, offering insights into differences and similarities between different task variables. (shrink)

Since at least Hume and Kant, philosophers working on the nature of aesthetic judgment have generally agreed that common sense does not treat aesthetic judgments in the same way as typical expressions of subjective preferences—rather, it endows them with intersubjective validity, the property of being right or wrong regardless of disagreement. Moreover, this apparent intersubjective validity has been taken to constitute one of the main explananda for philosophical accounts of aesthetic judgment. But is it really the case that most people (...) spontaneously treat aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity? In this paper, we report the results of a cross‐cultural study with over 2,000 respondents spanning 19 countries. Despite significant geographical variations, these results suggest that most people do not treat their own aesthetic judgments as having intersubjective validity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of aesthetic judgment and the purpose of aesthetics in general. (shrink)

In questo saggio analizzo alcuni problemi sollevati dalla concezione analitia del tempo.

In the remainder of this article, we will disarm an important motivation for epistemic contextualism and interest-relative invariantism. We will accomplish this by presenting a stringent test of whether there is a stakes effect on ordinary knowledge ascription. Having shown that, even on a stringent way of testing, stakes fail to impact ordinary knowledge ascription, we will conclude that we should take another look at classical invariantism. Here is how we will proceed. Section 1 lays out some limitations of previous (...) research on stakes. Section 2 presents our study and concludes that there is little evidence for a substantial stakes effect. Section 3 responds to objections. The conclusion clears the way for classical invariantism. (shrink)

La concezione tradizionale che vede la sinistra e la critica sociale volte al rovesciamento del sistema economico-sociale si fonda su quattro presupposti: 1) la proprietÀ privata č la radice del dominio sociale; 2) č possibile pensare un regime di proprietÀ e di organizzazione economica diverso da quello capitalistico, accettabile in termini di equitÀ ed efficienza; 3) č possibile individuare nell'ordine sociale esistente le forze sociali che lo rovesceranno; 4) il cambiamento verso il nuovo ordine sociale puň essere realizzato con l'azione (...) politica. Il saggio prova a dimostrare perché queste quattro condizioni non si danno, e come, se la sinistra riesce ad accettarlo, possa pensare la sua azione come cambiamento reale dei rapporti sociali esistenti, e non come il loro rovesciamento. (shrink)

Philosophers have long debated whether, if determinism is true, we should hold people morally responsible for their actions since in a deterministic universe, people are arguably not the ultimate source of their actions nor could they have done otherwise if initial conditions and the laws of nature are held fixed. To reveal how non-philosophers ordinarily reason about the conditions for free will, we conducted a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic survey (N = 5,268) spanning twenty countries and sixteen languages. Overall, participants tended (...) to ascribe moral responsibility whether the perpetrator lacked sourcehood or alternate possibilities. However, for American, European, and Middle Eastern participants, being the ultimate source of one’s actions promoted perceptions of free will and control as well as ascriptions of blame and punishment. By contrast, being the source of one’s actions was not particularly salient to Asian participants. Finally, across cultures, participants exhibiting greater cognitive reflection were more likely to view free will as incompatible with causal determinism. We discuss these findings in light of documented cultural differences in the tendency toward dispositional versus situational attributions. (shrink)

Una teoría realmente realista del derecho –cuya posibilidad se examina en este trabajo– debería tener las siguientes características. Al mismo tiempo, debería ser más general que las teorías corrientes, es decir, valer tanto para el common law cuanto para el civil law; en consecuencia, debería invertir las relaciones, comúnmente instituidas por las teorías positivistas, entre legislación y adjudicación. Tanto en la historiografía cuanto en la comparación jurídica, de las cuales la teoría del derecho es una extensión a un nivel de (...) abstracción más alto, el momento central del proceso legal es la adjudicación, mientras que la legislación puede ser concebida como una de las tantas tentativas, y quizás ni siquiera la más lograda, de limitar y controlar a aquella. Un ejemplo de la capacidad explicativa de la teoría realmente realista es la llamada crisis de las fuentes: la legislación instituye a los jueces, pero son estos, en última instancia, los que fijan la jerarquía de las fuentes y la propia posición jerárquica de la legislación. (shrink)

This article examines whether people share the Gettier intuition (viz. that someone who has a true justified belief that p may nonetheless fail to know that p) in 24 sites, located in 23 countries (counting Hong Kong as a distinct country) and across 17 languages. We also consider the possible influence of gender and personality on this intuition with a very large sample size. Finally, we examine whether the Gettier intuition varies across people as a function of their disposition to (...) engage in “reflective” thinking. (shrink)

Unico testimone superstite della disputa sugli universali fra i filosofi ebrei Shemuel di Marsiglia e Gersonide è il Supercommentario al Commento medio di Averroè all'Isagoge e alle Categorie di Yehudah ben Yishaq Cohen, redatto probabilmente in Provenza verso la metà del '400, dopo che Yehudah ebbe ascoltato a Bologna una disputa pubblica sul tema degli universali. Dopo aver esaminato la struttura di questo testo e le sue fonti, tra le quali si segnalano Pietro Aureoli e Gentile da Foligno, l'A. si (...) sofferma sul rapporto di Gersonide con la scolastica contemporanea, soprattutto Scoto e Ockham, le cui tesi secondo l'A. furono probabilmente apprese da Gersonide durante il suo soggiorno ad Avignone. La parte terza dello studio è dedicata a Shemuel ben Yehudah, traduttore di Averroè e logico vissuto in Provenza nella prima metà del '300. La quarta parte del contributo entra nel merito della polemica sugli universali attraverso una lettura commentata del testo, di cui sono tradotti ampi passaggi. (shrink)

Nei suoi diversi stadi evolutivi la vita biologica sul nostro pianeta ha mostrato due principali “adattamenti” al tempo: in primo luogo, imprimendo nel codice genetico elementi che facilitassero la variabilità periodica ai cambiamenti ambientali (luce, temperatura, precipitazioni), fenomeni tipici del nostro pianeta e del suo satellite rispetto al sole; in secondo luogo, dotando il sistema nervoso animale di strutture che garantissero, oltre l’equilibrio, le attività sensoriali e motorie rego...

Is behavioral integration a necessary feature of belief in folk psychology? Our data from over 5,000 people across 26 samples, spanning 22 countries suggests that it is not. Given the surprising cross-cultural robustness of our findings, we argue that the types of evidence for the ascription of a belief are, at least in some circumstances, lexicographically ordered: assertions are first taken into account, and when an agent sincerely asserts that p, nonlinguistic behavioral evidence is disregarded. In light of this, we (...) take ourselves to have discovered a universal principle governing the ascription of beliefs in folk psychology. (shrink)

Las referencias de Michel Foucault a la noción de ideología no han sidotan numerosas. Luego de unas pocas líneas dedicadas en la primera de lasconferencias de La verdad y las formas jurídicas, en una entrevista publicadaen 1977 manifestó su incomodidad con el concepto de ideología, entreotras dos razones, por las implicancias con una noción clásica de sujeto.Por otra parte, y de modo sorpresivo, en algunos trabajos tales como ¿Quées la crítica?, analizó la noción de crítica. Lo que me interesa indagar (...) essi al momento de conceptualizar la crítica, Foucault mantiene la mismaconceptualización de la subjetividad que cuando reprochaba el conceptode ideología. (shrink)

This article values the importance of symbolic language through an Analog Hermeneutics and Communication Community. This philosophical itinerary starts in a collective subject called “Us” (“nosotros”) from the Latin American philosophical reflection. The symbol, such as meaningful space for semantics, shows up in a symbolic language that includes a variety of rationalities. This inclusion through symbolic language allows strengthening the “a priori” of a Communication Community that supports and ethical and historical “us”. For this purpose, an Analog Hermeneutics is presented (...) as a valid method for philosophical thinking around the symbolic language. The analogy allows considering the ambiguous and unambiguous of languages and the hermeneutics through the symbol allows us to speak and think beyond what is stated. The Analog Hermeneutics invites to recover the different meanings and to interpret the senses through the symbol in different cultures. The symbol is a new inspiration for traditional Philosophy because it recovers wisdoms, customs, images and traditions. (shrink)

In questo contributo si intende evidenziare la rilevanza e l’importanza della Disputatio XI, De divina existentia et subsistentia, all’interno della produzione di Francisco Suárez. Il maestro spagnolo tratta in essa di questioni metafisiche fondamentali relative alla sussistenza e all’esistenza divina, facendo riferimento ai principali dogmi della fede cristiana, quali soprattutto i misteri della Santissima Trinità e dell’Incarnazione del Verbo. La sua pro-spettiva teoretica sul modo di concepire Dio e la sua interpretazione del nome divino Qui est lo colloca in un (...) crocevia in cui si incontrano i massimi problemi della sacra doctrina e insieme le più radicali questioni metafisiche, così da permetterci di accosta-re il suo sistema di pensiero nel delicato rapporto tra teologia e filosofia. Le opzioni adottate dal teologo gesuita sono alla radice delle divergenze e lontananze rispetto ad altri sistemi, compreso quello di Tommaso d’Aquino. Anche in questo modo Francisco Suárez ha indub-biamente esercitato un grande ruolo nell’interpretazione e nella trasmissione di molti concetti metafisici nel periodo tra la tarda Scolastica e l’inizio della cosiddetta “filosofia modern. (shrink)

Does the Ship of Theseus present a genuine puzzle about persistence due to conflicting intuitions based on “continuity of form” and “continuity of matter” pulling in opposite directions? Philosophers are divided. Some claim that it presents a genuine puzzle but disagree over whether there is a solution. Others claim that there is no puzzle at all since the case has an obvious solution. To assess these proposals, we conducted a cross-cultural study involving nearly 3,000 people across twenty-two countries, speaking eighteen (...) different languages. Our results speak against the proposal that there is no puzzle at all and against the proposal that there is a puzzle but one that has no solution. Our results suggest that there are two criteria—“continuity of form” and “continuity of matter”— that constitute our concept of persistence and these two criteria receive different weightings in settling matters concerning persistence. (shrink)

Daniel Samoilovich. Estéticas del error. Apuntes sobre arte y poesía. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2024, 315 páginas. Tiago Martins, Nereida Rodríguez-Fernández y Sérgio M. Rebelo (eds.). Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design. Cham: Springer, 2022, 416 páginas.

Este trabajo se involucra en los debates teóricos en torno al derecho en los primeros años de la Revolución Rusa, y presenta un análisis crítico de Teoría general del derecho y marxismo, la famosa obra de Evgeny Pashukanis, uno de los máximos exponentes jurídicos de ese proceso histórico. A partir del análisis teórico, desarrollado con sistematicidad en el marco de un seminario sobre la temática, el trabajo intenta rescatar los aportes y principales contribuciones de la obra de Pashukanis, especialmente en (...) lo relativo al paralelismo entre sujeto y mercancía, y realizar una crítica a su concepción sobre la relación entre derecho y economía, buscando recuperar el vínculo del movimiento del capital con las formas jurídicas desarrollado en El capital de Marx. Contiene también una breve reseña sobre el significado de la Revolución Rusa como proceso histórico y la figura de Pashukanis en el marco de grandes debates sobre la función del derecho en un Estado proletario, y la vinculación entre sus desarrollos y los de Marx y Engels. Se espera dar cuenta del valioso esfuerzo del jurista ruso para construir una teoría del derecho sobre la base del materialismo histórico, al mismo tiempo que la necesidad de una lectura crítica de su obra. (shrink)

Nei suoi diversi stadi evolutivi la vita biologica sul nostro pianeta ha mostrato due principali “adattamenti” al tempo: in primo luogo, imprimendo nel codice genetico elementi che facilitassero la variabilità periodica ai cambiamenti ambientali (luce, temperatura, precipitazioni), fenomeni tipici del nostro pianeta e del suo satellite rispetto al sole; in secondo luogo, dotando il sistema nervoso animale di strutture che garantissero, oltre l’equilibrio, le attività sensoriali e motorie rego...

La presencia de la filosofía nietzscheana en Argentina a principios del siglo xx ha adquirido un lugar cada vez más importante en los estudios de recepción. Entre los muchos nombres propios que acusan una huella nietzscheana, el caso de Juan Carlos Paz merece especial atención. Considerado uno de los músicos y teóricos latinoamericanos más importantes del siglo pasado, el alcance de sus ideas estético-filosóficas ofrece aún un terreno fértil para la investigación. Este trabajo se ocupa de relevar y analizar una (...) posible marca de recepción de la filosofía nietzscheana asequible en las intervenciones de Paz en el Suplemento Semanal del diario La Protesta (1922-1923) y en La campana de palo (1925 y 1927). La hipótesis a desarrollar consiste en afirmar que a partir la figura del “burro” como “paradigma de la necedad” y del recurso de su adoración irónica, puede indicarse preliminarmente una correspondencia conceptual entre las ideas estéticas del joven Paz, relativas a una puesta en cuestión de la crítica musical como institución, y el tratamiento nietzscheano de la “convicción” [Ueberzeugung]. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta la posición de dos filósofos asociados a la hermenéutica, Gianni Vattimo y Charles Taylor, respecto del status del conocimiento científico en el mundo contemporáneo. Mediante una somera exposición de los rasgos fundamentales de sus respectivas ontologías y epistemologías, se busca realizar una comparación crítica. En la conclusión, se defiende la superioridad del planteo de Taylor, en la medida que permite discutir la primacía del modelo científico natural sin abandonar una concepción realista del mundo y (...) de la categoría de verdad. Abstract: In this paper I present the position of two philosophers associated with the hermeneutic tradition, Gianni Vattimo and Charles Taylor, about the status of scientific knowledge in our contemporary world. Through a brief exposition of the fundamental features of their respective ontologies and epistemologies, I seek to offer a critical comparison. In the conclusion, I defend the superiority of Taylor’s formulation, inasmuch it allows to put in question the primacy of the natural science model without abandoning a realist conception of the world and of the category of truth. (shrink)

Mediante una reconstrucción exhaustiva y hasta ahora inédita de la crítica de Michel Foucault a la teoría psicoanalítica del Complejo de Edipo, se muestra que dicha crítica supone la utilización de un marco teórico social funcionalista. Efectivamente: a los fundamentos metodológicos de esta crítica ..